Biotechnology is an amalgamation of biology and technology for our betterment and sustainable development. Modern biotechnology includes genetic engineering, bioinformatics and bioprocess engineering.
Genetic engineering is used to alter the genetic composition of an organism. It is widely used to insert a gene of choice like pest-resistant or antibiotic-resistant genes, etc. to a host by using a cloning vector. It integrates the desirable gene in the host genome and transformation can be seen in the phenotype of the host.
In Bioprocess engineering, the production of various products such as enzymes, antibodies, organic acids, vaccines, etc. is facilitated and done on a large scale. The desired microorganisms are grown under controled, sterile and suitable conditions for this purpose.
In bioinformatics, the biological data like genome and protein sequences are stored, maintained and retrieved for various purposes.
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