Applications of Thermodynamics

Heat Engines:

• Devices that convert heat energy into mechanical work.
• Examples: Steam engines, internal combustion engines.

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning:

• Systems that transfer heat from a low-temperature region to a high-temperature region.

Chemical Reactions:

• Thermodynamics helps predict the direction and extent of chemical reactions.

Phase Changes:

• Understanding phase transitions (e.g., melting, boiling) through concepts like latent heat and phase diagrams.