Looking Back

In this chapter we described the two main ways of solving the material and energy balances in process simulators: using equation-based and modular- based computer software.

Discussion Question

A number of articles have been written on the subject of paper versus polystyrene as materials for disposable cups. Set up the flowsheets for the production of each, and include all of the quantitative and qualitative factors, both positive and negative, for the production from basic raw materials to the final product. Indicate what material and energy balances are needed, and, if possible, collect data so that they can be solved. Summarize the material and energy usage in the manufacture of a cup.

Supplementary References

American Institute of Chemical Engineers. CEP Software Directory, AIChE, New York (issued annually on the Web).

Benyaha, F. “Flowsheeting Packages: Reliable or Fictitious Process Models?” Transactions Inst. Chemical Engineering, 78A, 840–44 (2000).

Bequette, B. W. Process Dynamics: Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ (1998).

Biegler, L. T., I. E. Grossmann, and A. W. Westerberg. Systematic Methods of Chemical Process Design, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ (1997).

Canfield, F. B., and P. K. Nair. “The Key of Computed Integrated Processing,” in Proceed. ESCAPE-1, Elsinore, Denmark (May, 1992).

Chen, H. S., and M. A. Stadtherr. “A Simultaneous-Modular Approach to Process Flowsheeting and Optimization: I. Theory and Implementation,” AIChE J., 30 (1984).

Clark, G., D. Rossiter, and P. W. H. Chung. “Intelligent Modeling Interface for Dynamic Process Simulators,” Transactions Inst. Chemical Engineering, 78A, 823–39 (2000).

Gallun, S. E., R. H. Luecke, D. E. Scott, and A. M. Morshedi. “Use Open Equations for Better Models,” Hydrocarbon Processing, 78 (July, 1992).

Lewin, D. R., et al. Using Process Simulators in Chemical Engineering: A Multimedia Guide for the Core Curriculum, John Wiley, New York (2001).

Mah, R. S. H. Chemical Process Structures and Information Flows, Butterworths, Seven Oaks, UK (1990).

Seider, W. D., J. D. Seader, and D. R. Lewin. Process Design Principles, John Wiley, New York (1999).

Slyberg, O., N. W. Wild, and H. A. Simons. Introduction to Process Simulation, 2nd ed., TAPPI Press, Atlanta (1992).

Thome, B. (ed.). Systems Engineering—Principles and Practice of Computer-Based Systems Engineering, John Wiley, New York (1993).

Turton, R., R. C. Bailie, W. B. Whiting, and J. A. Shaeiwitz. Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ (1998).

Westerberg, A. W., H. P. Hutchinson, R. L. Motard, and P. Winter. Process Flowsheeting, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK (1979).