A set of simple but highly useful rules can be derived from the combination of a single variable with a logic 0 or logic 1 (Figure 10.31).

Figure 10.31 Combining a single variable with a logic 0 or logic 1
10.19 The Idempotent Rules
The rules derived from the combination of a single variable with itself are known as the idempotent rules (Figure 10.32).

Figure 10.32 The idempotent rules

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