Apart from the surface finishing materials, the following methods are also used in specific cases:
Wallpapering
Wallpapers of a certain design are used for developing the aesthetic values of interior walls and ceilings. They may be exclusively of paper or combined with other materials. The papers used for papering are: pulp paper, satin paper or flock paper.
Pulp paper is the most commonly used type. Satin paper is easily maintained by cleaning but it is affected by dampness. The third type, flock paper gives a good aesthetic appearance but is prone to dust.
Varnished wallpaper is also available, which can be polished. There are certain wallpapers, which are washable for which oil paper may be used. Metal-coated wallpapers and wallpapers with sound-absorbing properties are also available.
12.6.2 Wall Tiling
Wall tiling is the process of lining or finishing the walls with special tiles up to a certain height. In general, the height varies from 60 to 120 cm above the floor level or in some cases up to the ceiling.
Particularly, wall tiling is done in kitchen, bathrooms, W.Cs, passages, fire places, staircase walls, boiler rooms, etc. Sometimes, it is also used on outer surfaces of decorative causes or to protect them from atmospheric influences.
Wall tiles are either of terracotta, china clay or marble available in different colours and designs.
Coal Tarring
For preservative purposes, coal tar is applied to wood work or iron work. The tarred surfaces can further be treated by varnishing or painting. The mixture is prepared by adding about 200 gm of unslaked lime for every litre of tar and then heated till it starts boiling. The hot mixture is thinned by adding 1/16th litre of country spirit to each litre of tar.
Waxing or Wax Polishing
To improve the elegance and at the same time to protect undercoats, wax polishing is done on varnished surfaces. Wax polishing presents a highly pleasing lustre.
Wax polish is prepared by mixing bees-wax with linseed oil, turpentine and varnish in the ratio 2:1½:1:½, respectively, by weight. For preparing this, bees-wax is first melted or dissolved in linseed oil on low fire and then the mixture is cooled down slightly. Turpentine and varnish are then added to the mixture and then stirred well.
Wood Oiling
Woodwork not exposed to weather is generally provided with wood oiling as it is cheaper. Further, oiling of woodwork is done to increase the durability and also to improve the appearance of the surface. Linseed oil or sweet oil is used.
Linseed oiling consists of a mixture obtained by heating three parts of double-boiled linseed oil and one part of bees-wax to which one part of turpentine is added by weight. Sweet oiling consists of a mixture of equal parts of common vinegar, country sweet oil and spirits of turpentine. Sweet oiling mixture gives a darker effect than linseed oiling.
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