Author: workhouse123
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CLASSIFICATION OF IC ENGINES
There are several bases for classification of IC engines, some of the important bases can be explained as Number of strokes per cycle.Nature of thermodynamic cycle.Ignition systems.Fuel used.Arrangement of cylinders.Cooling systems.Fuel supply systems.
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INTRODUCTION
The heat engine, in which the combustion takes place inside the cylinder or the product of combustion (flue gas) directly goes to the cylinder and the heat energy of the flue gas is converted into mechanical energy, is known as Internal Combustion Engine (IC Engine).” The combustion may take place either inside or outside the…
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COMBUSTION
Principle of Combustion Combustion refers to the rapid oxidation of fuel accompanied by the production of heat or heat and light. Complete combustion of a fuel is possible only in the presence of an adequate supply of oxygen. Oxygen (O2) is one of the most common elements on earth making up 20.9% of our air.…
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Biogas
Biogas is methane produced by the process of anaerobic digestion of organic material by anaerobes. It can be produced either from biodegradable waste materials or by the use of energy crops fed into anaerobic digesters to supplement gas yields. The solid by-product, digestate, can be used as a biofuel or a fertilizer.
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Vegetable Oil
Lower quality oil can be used as fuel. Used vegetable oil is increasingly being processed into biodiesel or (more rarely) cleaned of water and particulates and used as a fuel. Oils and fats can be hydrogenated to give a diesel substitute. The resulting product is a straight chain hydrocarbon with a high cetane number, low…
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Biodiesel
Biodiesel is produced from oils or fats using transesterification and is a liquid similar in composition to fossil/mineral diesel. Chemically, it consists mostly of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). Feedstocks for biodiesel include animal fats, vegetable oils, soya, rapeseed, jatropha, mahua, mustard, flax, sunflower, palm oil, hemp, field pennycress, pongamia pinnata, and algae. Pure biodiesel…
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Bioalcohols
Bioalcohols are produced by the action of microorganisms and enzymes through the fermentation of sugars or starches, or cellulose. Biobutanol is also known as biogasoline as claimed to provide a direct replacement for gasoline, because it can be used directly in a gasoline engine. Ethanol can be used in petrol engines as a replacement for gasoline;…
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BIOFUELS
A biofuel is derived from biological carbon fixation. Biofuels include fuels derived from biomass conversion as well as solid biomass, liquid fuels, and various biogases. Fossil fuels having their origin in ancient carbon fixation are not considered biofuels because they contain carbon that has been out of the carbon cycle for a very long time.…
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Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
Methane is the main constituent of natural gas and accounting for about 95% of the total volume. Other components are ethane, propane, butane, pentane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and traces of other gases. Very small amounts of sulphur compounds are also present. Since methane is the largest component of natural gas, generally properties of methane are…
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LPG
LPG is a predominant mixture of propane and butane with a small percentage of unsaturates (propylene and butylene) and some lighter C2 as well as heavier C5 fractions. Included in the LPG range are propane (C3H8), propylene (C3H6), normal and iso-butane (C4H10) and butylene (C4H8). LPG may be defined as those hydrocarbons, which are gaseous at normal…