Author: workhouse123
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Drugs used in Disorder of coagulation
IntroductionHemostasis is spontaneous arrest of bleeding from a damaged blood vessel. Steps: Vascularinjury Æ vasospasmÆ platelate adhesionÆ platelate aggregation Æ coagulation cascadesÆfibrin formationAnticoagulants are the drugs which inhibit fibrin formation.ClassificationBased on mechanism of action
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AGENTS USED IN ANEMIAS
IRONIron forms the nucleus of the iron porphyrin heme ring, which together with globin chains formshemoglobin that reversibly binds oxygen and provides the critical mechanism for oxygendelivery from lungs to other tissues. In the absence of adequate iron, small erythrocytes withinsufficient hemoglobin are formed resulting in microcytic hypochromic anemia.Causes of Iron Deficiency Anemia
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INTRODUCTION
Hematopoiesis, the production of circulating erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes fromundifferentiated stem cells, is a remarkable process that produces over 200 billion new cells perday in the normal person and even greater number of blood cells in people with conditions thatcauses loss or destruction of blood cells. The hemopoietic machinery resides primarily in thebone marrow in…
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Drugs used in inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and crohn’sdisease)
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory condition of the rectum and colon; crohni’s diseasecan involve the whole intestine.
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Antiemetics:
Are drugs used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting.Nausea is an unpleasant sensation of abdominal discomfort accompanied by a desire to vomit.Vomiting is the expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth Nausea may occur withoutvomiting and vomiting may occur without prior nausea, but the two symptoms most often occurtogether.93
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Antidiarrhoeals:
Are used in the treatment of diarrhea, defined as the frequent expulsion of liquid or semiliquid stools → hinders absorption of fluids and electrolytes.
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Drugs used in Acid-peptic disease:
Acid-peptic disease includes peptic ulcer (gastric and duodenal), gastroesophageal reflux andZollinger – Ellison syndrome.Peptic – ulcer disease is thought to result from an imbalance between cell – destructive effectsof hydrochloric acid and pepsin and cell-protective effects of mucus and bicarbonate on theother side. Pepsin is a proteolyic enzyme activated in gastric acid, also can digest…
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INTRODUCTION
The pharmacologically treatable disorders of impairements of normal motility, digestion,absorption, secretions of the gastrointestinal tract include peptic ulcer, reflux esophagitis,Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, gastroparesis, constipation, diarrhea, inflammatory diseases andinfections. This chapter discusses different drugs used for treatment of these disorders.However, anti-infective drugs will be discussed in other chapter.
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DECONGESTANTS
Decongestants are the drugs that reduce congestion of nasal passages, which in turn openclogged nasal passages and enhances drainages of the sinuses.e.g phenylephrine, oxymetazoline etc.Mechanism of ActionMucus membrane decongestants are α1 agonists, which produce localized vasoconstriction onthe small blood vessels of the nasal membrane. Reduce congestion in nasal passages.Clinical uses:Used in congestion associated with rhinitis,…
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ANTI-TUSSIVES
Cough is a protective reflex, which serves the purpose of expelling sputum and other irritantmaterials from the respiratory airway.Types: