Author: workhouse123

During an earthquake, ground motions occur in a random fashion, both horizontally and vertically, in all directions, radiating from the epicentre. The ground accelerations cause structures to vibrate and induce inertial forces on them. Hence, structures to be constructed in earthquake-prone areas need to be suitably designed and detailed to ensure stability, strength and serviceability.…

The amount of heat liberated in combustion of any content or part of the building of a floor area is referred to as fire-load. It is represented in kilojoules per square metre (kJ/m2). The fire-load is the ratio of the weight of all combustible materials (by their respective calorific values) to the floor area under…

When some materials get ignited, the material catches fire and spreads. If there are opening in walls and floors the fire spreads to more area. If there are no openings, the temperature of the structure is increased by fire. In buildings, staircases and lift shaft act as flues for fire and increases the possibility of…

Presence of hydroscopic moisture on a surface is called dampness. In general dampness causes unhygienic conditions, affects the health and comfort of inhabitants. Further, it deteriorates the stability of the damped surface. Thus, it is an essential feature in construction to prevent dampness. Sources of Dampness Dampness in a building may be caused due to…

Termites Termites, popularly known as white ants, are found in groups in tropical and sub-tropical countries. They are very fast in eating wood and other cellulosic materials as food. They also damage non-cellulosic materials like plastics, leather, etc. The term termite-proofing is used to indicate the treatment which is given to a building. This is…

Although buildings are constructed based on the space requirement and safety needs, they are also to be protected from natural calamities such as action of termites, dampness, fire, lightening, earthquake, etc. Steps taken during construction itself to protect the buildings from the above calamities the durability and life of the building will be increased. Termites…