Author: workhouse123
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FORMWORK
Concrete initially is in a plastic state and has to be kept within an closure of a desired shape by proper temporary supports till it gains adequate strength. This temporary enclosure is known as formwork or shuttering or simply as forms. For circular works such as arches, doors, etc., the term centring is used generally instead of formwork…
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INTRODUCTION
Temporary supporting structures are those structures which are required in the routine building construction works or repair works. During the process of concreting work, temporary structures called formworks are needed till the concrete attains its full strength. Similarly for laying of masonry work, plastering, painting and for temporary repair, some temporary structures are used which…
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ELECTRICAL SUPPLY
Electrical power is provided to the building by the Government. Electricity is distributed in small towns and villages by overhead wires. But in large cities and towns the distribution is done through underground cables. The supply of electricity is including the cables up to the electric metre. In order to isolate the main supply from…
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DRAINAGE OF WASTEWATER AND SEWAGE
Wastewaters coming from kitchen sink, washbasins and urinals are not containing any solid matter. But sewage a solid material has to be treated such that it also could be converted as a wastewater. 27.4.1 Need for Treatment of Sewage Nearly 75% of the water supplied returns back in the form of wastewater. As there is…
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WATER SUPPLY
In villages and in some towns where municipal water supply is not available, water is obtained from private wells. In such places, usually the water is pumped up to an elevated storage tank from where the distribution to the building is carried out. In large towns and cities, municipal water, after due treatment, is available…
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Principles of Plumbing Services in Buildings
The following factors are to be considered while designing plumbing services to buildings:
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PLUMBING SERVICES
Plumbing services is the entire system of piping, fixtures, applications, etc., for providing water supply or drainage to a building or premises. A plumbing water supply system consists of water supply and distribution with the use of pipes, control valves, pipe layout, storage tanks, etc. A plumbing drainage system consists of collection and disposal of…
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INTRODUCTION
Essential elements for the human beings to live in a house with a minimum comfort are water supply, drainage arrangements and electrical power supply. Biologically, water is required for the human beings for the satisfactory performance of physiological organisms, as a circulatory fluid, as a carrier of nourishing food and for the removal of products…
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TRENDS IN INTERIOR FINISH SYSTEMS
Interior finish systems have undergone a transformation over the past roughly 70 years. Formerly, the installation of finishes for a commercial office began with the construction of partitions of heavy clay tiles or gypsum blocks set in mortar. These were covered with two or three coats of plaster and joined to a three-coat plaster ceiling.…
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SELECTING INTERIOR FINISH SYSTEMS
Appearance A major function of interior finish components is to make the interior of the building look neat and clean by covering the rougher and less organized portions of the framing, insulation, vapor retarder, electrical wiring, ductwork, and piping. Beyond this, the architect designs the finishes to carry out a particular concept of interior space,…