Author: workhouse123
-
Stone Masonry
Stones are abundantly available in nature which can be properly shaped and used for construction of various parts of a building. Similar to brick masonry, stones also can be systematically arranged to form a homogeneous mass called stone masonry. The materials used for stone masonry are stones and mortar. The common types of stones used…
-
BRICK MASONRY
As bricks are comparatively small in size, they can be handled easily. Further, brick being uniform in size can be arranged systematically and bonded together with mortar to form a homogeneous mass, which is called brick masonry. The materials used for brick masonry are bricks, mortar and specially shaped bricks. Mortar helps to bind the…
-
INTRODUCTION
As per the old convention, masonry is a term used to indicate the art of building structures in stones using mortar and stone. But in a simplified form, it may be defined as construction of building units bonded together with mortar. The building units may be brick, stone, concrete, hollow blocks, etc. The selection of…
-
DEFECTS IN TIMBER
Different kinds of defects are found in timber. Generally, they are caused by the nature of the soil on which the tree is grown, the fertility it gained during growth and changes occurred in the environment during its growth. The defects to be generally looked into while selecting timber for woodwork are discussed below. Knots…
-
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD TIMBER
Characteristics of good timber are given below in the order of decreasing significance: Strength The timber should be strong enough to effectively act as structural members, such as joists, beams, rafters, etc. Further, it should be in a position to sustain loads applied gradually or suddenly to it. Preferably, the strength should be adequate in…
-
CLASSIFICATION OF TIMBER
As per Indian Standards (IS: 4021–1967), it is preferred that timber used for building construction purposes is of one of the following four types: Classification of Teak Teakwood is classified into three grades, viz., superior, first and second depending on the defects. The classification of teak based on the permissible defects, viz., cross grain, knots, pith, pockets or streaks, sapwood,…
-
TREES
Basic Structure of a Tree A tree consists of a trunk, a crown and roots. The functions of the roots are to implant the tree in the soil, absorb moisture and mineral substances it contains and in turn supply them to the trunk. The trunk supports the crown and serves to provide water and nutrients…
-
INTRODUCTION
Timber is a product of wood from felled trees suitable for construction purposes. Timber is one of the oldest and natural civil engineering construction materials. Three terms pertinent to timber one of interest. They are: Wood, as a building material, has a number of valuable properties, viz., relatively high strength, low bulk density, low heat…
-
Erection of Pre-fabricated Multi-Storey Frame Buildings
Multi-storey buildings may be built of standardised construction with column spaces based on some modular grid (say 6 m × 9 m or 6 m × 6 m). Based on dimensions, multi-storey buildings are erected by means of tower or derrick cranes placed on one or both sides of the frame (Fig. 18.2). Figure 18.2 Diagram…
-
Pre-assembly of Pre-fabricated Concrete Structural Units
It is difficult to haul large-size buildings because of their bulkiness and large mass. Thus, these structural units have to be made as transportable components which could be assembled by erection units at construction site. Reinforced cement concrete structural units are manufactured at areas within the radius of truck haulage. They are generally transported as…