Author: workhouse123
-
PRE-FABRICATED BUILDINGS
A general discussion on different building units which could be pre-fabricated is made in Chapter 9. Pre-fabricated buildings are constructed based on the articulated structure concept. Articulated structure means, the separation of a structure into two or more elements and join the entire structural elements such that it functions as a monolithic structure. The elements…
-
TALL BUILDINGS
Large-scale industrialisation have resulted in great expansion of building programme. Prohibitive land cost in urban areas and demand to meet large population in urban areas have made way for construction of tall buildings called as multi-storeyed buildings. Thus, we have reached a stage now that multi-storeyed construction is essential and inevitable in urban areas. Buildings…
-
CONCEPT OF FRAMED STRUCTURES
Principles of Framed Structures Framed structures are the structures which are formed by connecting a series of horizontal and vertical structural members in suitable positions. The framed structures primarily comprise of columns and beams. Columns are connected by beams at floor and roof levels. The floors are divided into rooms and passages of required sizes…
-
INTRODUCTION
New technologies for vertical transportation and high socio-economic levels of urban growth have given room to tall buildings. Further, large-scale industrialisation and exhaustive land cost resulted in the expansion of building programme. Framed structures are comprised of series of frames with horizontal and vertical components. These framed structures concept are effectively used in the construction…
-
MISCELLANEOUS SURFACE FINISHES
Apart from the surface finishing materials, the following methods are also used in specific cases: Wallpapering Wallpapers of a certain design are used for developing the aesthetic values of interior walls and ceilings. They may be exclusively of paper or combined with other materials. The papers used for papering are: pulp paper, satin paper or…
-
WHITE AND COLOUR WASHING
White washing is the oldest method of surface finishing in use. The white-washing material is prepared from pure fat lime, which may be slaked at site. Slaking is carried out in a tub until the mixture shows a creamy consistency. The slaked lime is allowed to rest for 24–48 hours. The mixture is then strained…
-
DISTEMPERS
Function of Distempers Distempers are water paints consisting of whitening (i.e., powdered chalk), glue or casein as a binder and suitable colouring pigments. Distempers are used on plastered, cement concrete and on various wallboard surfaces. They are cheap, durable and are pleasing in appearance. They also safeguard the surfaces from adverse weather conditions. Constituents of…
-
VARNISHES
Varnish is a clear, pale solution of a resinous substance dissolved in either oil, turpentine or alcohol. The resinous substances are amber, common resin, copal, lac or shellac. The solution spread on the surface after drying forms a hard, transparent and glossy film on the varnished surface. 12.3.1 Functions of Varnishes In general, varnish is…
-
Characteristics of a Good Paint
An ideal paint should possess the following qualities: 12.2.4 Types of Paints Various types of paints are discussed below: 1. Oil Paint The various constituents of an oil paint are discussed in Section 12.2.4. These paints are self-priming and in general do not need any special primer or undercoat. When it is used for general…
-
PAINTS
Paint is mainly composed of two ingredients, viz., a base which is a solid material and a liquid called a vehicle. The vehicle carries the solid matter, distributes it evenly and enables the solid matter to adhere to the surface. 12.2.1 Functions of Paints Irrespective of the type of paint, in general, the functions of…