Author: workhouse123

While manufacturing concrete, it should be ensured that every batch of concrete has the same proportions. This is a mandatory requirement so as to satisfy two aspects, viz., same workability and uniform strength. In the manufacturing of concrete the following steps are followed: 8.8.1 Proportioning of Concrete Selection of the proper quantity of cement, coarse…

Mix design of concrete is the process of selecting the required ingredients of concrete and finding their relative proportions with the aim of producing an economical concrete of certain strength and durability. It has been discussed earlier that concrete is based on two phases, viz., aggregate phase and paste phase. Workability of the concrete depends…

During 1976 there was only one type of cement available. Later OPC had been graded and the gain in strength after 28 days had been based on the grade and type of cement. The design was based on 28 days’ characteristic strength of concrete unless there was evidence to justify a higher strength for a…

Admixture and construction chemicals are chemicals added to the ingredients of concrete to obtain the desired strength and durability. 8.5.1 Admixtures Of late concrete is used for varied purposes and is made suitable for different occasions and environments. Ordinary concrete is not as versatile and does not suit all purposes. Thus, admixtures and chemicals are…

Concrete is an important construction material consisting of ingredients that are inert materials, viz., coarse and fine aggregates and binding materials, viz., cement or lime. Cement concrete is widely used as plain concrete, reinforced concrete, pre-stressed concrete and precast concrete members. Properties of coarse and fine aggregates and the quality of water to make quality…

Different types of cement concrete are discussed along with their uses. 8.3.1 Plain Cement Concrete It is the simplest form of concrete made with cement, sand, pebbles or crushed rock and water. It is used for a variety of works where the structural members are subjected to compression. Simple foundations to mighty dams may be…

Concrete can be easily prepared by mixing binding material (lime or cement), fine aggregate (sand) and coarse aggregate (crushed stone or brick) and water in the required proportion. The fine aggregates fill the voids of coarse aggregate, and voids of fine aggregate are filled with lime/cement and also the lime/cement reacts with water and binds…