Category: 5. Thermodynamics

Internal Energy (U): The total energy contained within the system, including kinetic and potential energies of molecules.Enthalpy (H): H=U+PVH = U + PVH=U+PV Entropy (S): Measures the amount of energy in a system that is not available to do work.Gibbs Free Energy (G): G=H−TSG = H – TSG=H−TS

Statement: If two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.Implication: This law forms the basis for temperature measurement.

Second Law of Thermodynamics Third Law of Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is the study of heat, energy, and work, and how they interact within physical systems. It seeks to understand how energy is transferred and transformed in various processes. Key Concepts: