Category: Blog
-
What is Thermodynamics?
Thermodynamics in physics is a branch that deals with heat, work and temperature, and their relation to energy, radiation and physical properties of matter. To be specific, it explains how thermal energy is converted to or from other forms of energy and how matter is affected by this process. Thermal energy is the energy that…
-
Reagents in Organic Chemistry
Reagents are the chemicals that we add to bring about a specific change to an organic molecule. Any general reaction in organic chemistry can be written as follows: Substrate + Reagent → Product Where the substrate is an organic molecule to which we add the reagent. Based on the ability to either donate or abstract…
-
Branches of Physical Chemistry
The manner in which physics can be applied to explain or solve chemical problems makes up the important concepts of physical chemistry. Some of the branches of physical chemistry that study these problems are described below. It can be understood from the concepts discussed above that physical chemistry is a very diverse branch of chemistry…
-
-
The Macroscopic Scale
The macroscopic scale involves substances that are large enough to be visible to the human eye (without the help of optical instruments to provide a magnified view). Some important quantities that are dealt with on the macroscopic scale include: Considering the example of a water molecule, the macroscopic scale involves its physical state (solid, liquid…
-
-
Introduction
As was seen in Chapter 1, Section 1.5, solar thermal power systems were among the very first applications of solar energy. During the eighteenth century, solar furnaces capable of melting iron, copper, and other metals were constructed of polished iron, glass lenses, and mirrors. The furnaces were in use throughout Europe and the Middle East. The…
-
Reckoning of time
In solar energy calculations, apparent solar time (AST) must be used to express the time of day. AST is based on the apparent angular motion of the sun across the sky. The time when the sun crosses the meridian of the observer is the local solar noon. It usually does not coincide with the 12:00…
-
Definitions
Pharmacology: Pharmacology is the study of interaction of drugs with living organisms.It also includes history, source, physicochemical properties, dosage forms, methods ofadministration, absorption, distribution mechanism of action, biotransformation,excretion, clinical uses and adverse effects of drugs.
-
FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN MASONRY AND STONE CLADDING
The alert reader will have noticed that most of the cladding systems shown in this chapter are detailed as barrier systems, not rainscreen systems (the notable exception being masonry veneer systems with drainage cavities and backup walls). This means that they are entirely dependent on good installation and careful maintenance if they are to remain…