Category: Magnetic Circuits

Magnetic metallic elements Many materials have unpaired electron spins, and the majority of these materials are paramagnetic. When the spins interact with each other in such a way that the spins align spontaneously, the materials are called ferromagnetic (what is often loosely termed as magnetic).

Magnetism is the class of physical attributes that occur through a magnetic field, which allows objects to attract or repel each other.

The basic principle of magnetism is that the, unlike (north-south) poles, attract and like (south-south, north-north) poles repel. The magnetic flux emits from the north pole and terminates on the south pole.

Electric circuits provide a closed path for the flow of electric current whereas magnetic circuits provide a closed path for the flow of magnetic flux. In electric circuits, electromotive force (EMF) acts as the driving force whereas in magnetic circuits magnetomotive force (MMF) acts as the driving force

Magnetic circuits are efficient in terms of energy transfer between components of the circuit. Transformers are some devices which use magnetic circuits for transfer of electrical energy between coils. They help to increase efficiency by using magnetic cores with high permeability.

A magnetic circuit is made up of one or more closed loop paths containing a magnetic flux. The flux is usually generated by permanent magnets or electromagnets and confined to the path by magnetic cores consisting of ferromagnetic materials like iron, although there may be air gaps or other materials in the path.

Magnetic Circuit Analysis – The presence of charges in space or in a medium creates an electric field, similarly the flow of current in a conductor sets up a magnetic field. Electric field is represented by electric flux lines, magnetic flux lines are used to describe the magnetic field.

Magnetic circuit operating conditions are determined by calculating circuit conditions and parameters such as magnetic lines of force (magnetic flux), magnetomotive force, reluctance, the intensity of magnetizing force, permeability, hysteresis, and Permeance.

Magnetic components are passive elements that rely on an internal magnetic field to alter electrical current. They play a critical role in many electronic devices, equipment, and systems

In a magnetic circuit, in summary, the magnetic flux is quantitatively equal to the magnetomotive force divided by the reluctance; Φ = f/r.