Category: Cardiovascular-renal drugs

Cardiorenal syndrome encompasses a spectrum of disorders involving both the heart and kidneys in which acute or chronic dysfunction in 1 organ may induce acute or chronic dysfunction in the other organ. It represents the confluence of heart-kidney interactions across several interfaces.

When the kidneys become impaired, the hormone system, which regulates blood pressure, goes into overdrive in an attempt to increase blood supply to the kidneys. The heart then has to pump against higher pressure in the arteries, and eventually suffers from the increase in workload.

Heart rate is controlled by the two branches of the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) releases the hormones (catecholamines – epinephrine and norepinephrine) to accelerate the heart rate

Cardiovascular drugs are the common name of compounds used to treat different heart disorders (such as congestive heart failure, angina, or arrhythmia) or diseases of the vascular system (e.g., hypertension).

Some factors involved may include: Lower cardiac output or heart failure. Higher blood pressure in your vena cava (large veins that bring blood to your heart). Reduced blood flow to your kidneys, causing injury to them.

Cardiac glycosides are believed to increase the force of cardiac muscle contraction by binding to and inhibiting the action of a membrane enzyme that extrudes sodium ions from the cell interior. These drugs also enhance the release of calcium from internal stores, resulting in a rise in intracellular calcium.

CKD conveys a high risk for coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Cardiovascular complications are the most common causes of death in patients with kidney failure (stage G5) who are maintained on regular dialysis treatment.

By binding to calcium channel proteins in cell membranes and preventing calcium ions from entering the cell, these drugs can improve contraction rhythm, reduce the workload on the heart, and/or relax blood vessels