{"id":1623,"date":"2024-07-25T20:16:45","date_gmt":"2024-07-25T20:16:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/?p=1623"},"modified":"2024-07-25T20:16:46","modified_gmt":"2024-07-25T20:16:46","slug":"the-second-law-of-thermodynamics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/2024\/07\/25\/the-second-law-of-thermodynamics\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00a0THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p id=\"para-197\">Second law of thermodynamics overcomes the limitations of first law of thermodynamics. First law of thermodynamics does not tell how much of heat is changed into work. Second law of thermodynamics shows that the total heat supplied to a system cannot be transferred solely into the work using single reservoir, i.e., some part of heat must be rejected to sink. It also shows the direction of the energy transfer, i.e., heat cannot be transferred from lower temperature reservoir to higher temperature reservoir without external work done on the system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h4-023\"><strong>\u00a0\u00a0Kelvin\u2013Planck Statement<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"para-198\">The Kelvin\u2013Plank statement of the second law of thermodynamics refers to a thermal reservoir. A thermal reservoir is a system of infinite heat capacity that remains at a constant temperature even though energy is added or removed by heat transfer. A reservoir is an idealization, of course, but such a system can be approximated in a number of ways\u2014by the Earth\u2019s atmosphere, large bodies of water (oceans), and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"para-199\">The Kelvin\u2013Planck statement of the second law can be given as:&nbsp;<em>It is impossible for any system to operate in a thermodynamic cycle and deliver a net amount of energy by work to its surroundings while receiving energy by heat transfer from a single thermal reservoir<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"para-200\">In\u00a0Figure 1.11,\u00a0it is shown that there are two reservoirs from which heat is interacted to do a work\u00a0<em>W<\/em><sub>net<\/sub>. Heat,\u00a0<em>Q<\/em><sub>H<\/sub>\u00a0is taken from higher temperature reservoir and work is done and rest amount of heat is rejected to lower temperature reservoir. Thus, the total conversion of heat to work is impossible; there will always be rejection of some part of the heat supplied by the heat engine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.oreilly.com\/api\/v2\/epubs\/urn:orm:book:9789332524415\/files\/images\/page20a.png\" alt=\"Figure 1.11\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"para-201\"><strong>Figure 1.11<\/strong>&nbsp;Heat Engine<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Second law of thermodynamics overcomes the limitations of first law of thermodynamics. First law of thermodynamics does not tell how much of heat is changed into work. Second law of thermodynamics shows that the total heat supplied to a system cannot be transferred solely into the work using single reservoir, i.e., some part of heat [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1601,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/thermodynamics-1-3.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1623","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1623"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1623\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1624,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1623\/revisions\/1624"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1623"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1623"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1623"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}