{"id":612,"date":"2024-04-14T21:48:31","date_gmt":"2024-04-14T21:48:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/?p=612"},"modified":"2024-04-14T21:48:31","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T21:48:31","slug":"the-work-of-mendel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/2024\/04\/14\/the-work-of-mendel\/","title":{"rendered":"The work of\u00a0Mendel"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Before\u00a0Gregor Mendel, theories for a hereditary mechanism were based largely on logic and speculation, not on experimentation. In his monastery garden, Mendel carried out a large number of\u00a0cross-pollination\u00a0experiments between\u00a0variants\u00a0of the\u00a0garden pea, which he obtained as pure-breeding lines. He crossed peas with yellow seeds to those with green seeds and observed that the progeny seeds (the first generation, F<sub>1<\/sub>) were all yellow. When the F<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0individuals were self-pollinated or crossed among themselves, their progeny (F<sub>2<\/sub>) showed a ratio of 3:1 (3\/4 yellow and 1\/4 green). He deduced that, since the F<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0generation contained some green individuals, the determinants of greenness must have been present in the F<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0generation, although they were not expressed because yellow is dominant over green. From the precise mathematical 3:1 ratio (of which he found several other examples), he\u00a0deduced\u00a0not only the existence of discrete hereditary units (genes) but also that the units were present in pairs in the pea\u00a0plant\u00a0and that the pairs separated during\u00a0gamete\u00a0formation. Hence, the two original lines of pea plants were proposed to be\u00a0<em>YY<\/em>\u00a0(yellow) and\u00a0yy\u00a0(green). The gametes from these were\u00a0<em>Y<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>y<\/em>, thereby producing an F<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0generation of\u00a0Yy\u00a0that were yellow in colour because of the\u00a0dominance\u00a0of\u00a0<em>Y<\/em>. In the F<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0generation, half the gametes were\u00a0<em>Y<\/em>\u00a0and the other half were\u00a0<em>y<\/em>, making the F<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0generation produced from random mating 1\/4\u00a0<em>Yy<\/em>, 1\/2\u00a0<em>YY<\/em>, and 1\/4\u00a0<em>yy<\/em>, thus explaining the 3:1 ratio. The forms of the pea colour genes,\u00a0<em>Y<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>y<\/em>, are called\u00a0alleles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":604,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-612","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/dna-1.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/612","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=612"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/612\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":613,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/612\/revisions\/613"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=612"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=612"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}