{"id":6526,"date":"2024-11-16T11:06:19","date_gmt":"2024-11-16T11:06:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/?p=6526"},"modified":"2024-11-16T11:06:19","modified_gmt":"2024-11-16T11:06:19","slug":"pharmacokinetics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/2024\/11\/16\/pharmacokinetics\/","title":{"rendered":"Pharmacokinetics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Pharmacokinetics deals with the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion drugs in the<br>body.<br>A. Biotransport of drug: It is translocation of a solute from one side of the biological barrier to<br>the other.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Structure of biological membrane: The outer surface of the cell covered by a very thin<br>structure known as plasma membrane. It is composed of lipid and protein molecules. The<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>membrane proteins have many functions like (a) contributing structure to the membrane (b)<br>acting as enzyme (c) acting as carrier for transport of substances (d) acting as receptors.<br>The plasma membrane is a semipermeable membrane allowing certain chemical<br>substances to pass freely e.g. it allows water, glucose, etc. but it won\u2019t allow sucrose until it<br>is converted into glucose and fructose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Passage of drug across membrane.<br>i) Simple diffusion<br>(a) Passive transfer<br>ii) Filtration<br>i) Facilitated diffusion<br>(b) Specialized transport ii) Active transport<br>iii) Endocytosis.<br>(a) i) Simple diffusion: Movement of a solute through a biological barrier from the phase of<br>higher concentration to phase of lower concentration. No need of energy e.g. highly<br>lipid soluble drugs.<br>ii) Filtration: Is the process by which water soluble drug of relatively low molecular<br>weight crosses the plasma membrane through pores as a result of hydrodynamic<br>pressure gradient across the membrane e.g. urea and ethylene glycol.<br>(b) i) Facilitated diffusion: It meansthe passage of drug across the biological membrane<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>along the concentration gradient by the protein carrier mediated system also called as<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>carrier mediated diffusion. It depends on number of carrier e.g. tetracycline, pyrimidine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ii) Active transport: The process by which drugs pass across the biological membrane<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>most often against their concentration gradient with the help of carriers along with the<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>expenditure of energy e.g. alpha methyl dopa, levodopa, 5-fluoro-uracil, 5 bromouracil.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>iii) Endocytosis: It is the process by which the large molecules are engulfed by the cell<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>membrane and releases them intracellularly e.g. protein, toxins (botulinum, diphtheria)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Differences amongst different transport systems<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Characteristics Simple diffusion Facilitated Active transport<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Incidence Commonest Less common Least common<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Process Slow Quick Very Quick<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Movement Along concentration<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>gradient<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Along concentration<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>gradient<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Against concentration<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>gradient<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Carrier Not needed Needed Needed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Energy Not required Not required Required<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B. Drug absorption: Absorption is the process by which the drug enters in to the systemic<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>circulation from the site of administration through biological barrier. In case of intravenous or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>intra-arterial administration the drug bypasses absorption processes and it enters into the<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>circulation directly.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pharmacokinetics deals with the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion drugs in thebody.A. Biotransport of drug: It is translocation of a solute from one side of the biological barrier tothe other. membrane proteins have many functions like (a) contributing structure to the membrane (b)acting as enzyme (c) acting as carrier for transport of substances (d) acting [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6501,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[689],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6526","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general-pharmacology"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pharmacology-2.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6526","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6526"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6526\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6527,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6526\/revisions\/6527"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6501"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6526"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6526"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6526"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}