{"id":6603,"date":"2024-11-17T21:53:54","date_gmt":"2024-11-17T21:53:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/?p=6603"},"modified":"2024-11-17T21:53:54","modified_gmt":"2024-11-17T21:53:54","slug":"antiemetics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/2024\/11\/17\/antiemetics\/","title":{"rendered":"Antiemetics:"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Are drugs used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting.<br>Nausea is an unpleasant sensation of abdominal discomfort accompanied by a desire to vomit.<br>Vomiting is the expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth Nausea may occur without<br>vomiting and vomiting may occur without prior nausea, but the two symptoms most often occur<br>together.<br>93<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vomiting occurs when the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata is stimulated.<br>Dopamine and acetylcholine play a major role in stimulating the vomiting center. To a<br>certain extent, vomiting is a protective mechanism which can result from various noxious<br>stimuli.<br>Drugs used in nausea and vomiting belong to several different therapeutic classifications.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Most antiemetic agents relieve nausea and vomiting by acting on the vomiting center,<br>CTZ, cerebral cortex, vestibular apparatus, or a combination of these.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Antiemetic drugs are generally more effective in prophylaxis than treatment. Antiemetic<br><strong>drugs include:<\/strong><br>Phenothiazines (neuroleptics) such as chlorpromazine<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Acts on CTZ and vomiting center<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Block dopamine receptors<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Are effective in prevention or treating nausea and vomiting induced by drugs, radiation<br>therapy, surgery and most other stimuli<br>(e.g. pregnancy).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Are generally ineffective in motion sickness.<br>Antihistamines \u2013 such as promothazine, dimehydrinate etc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Are especially effective in prevention and treatment of motion sickness (but they may<br>cause concurrent drowsiness, that may be troublesome for travellers)<br><strong>Miscellaneous antiemetics<\/strong><br>Metoclopramide has both central and peripheral antiemetic effects. Centrally, metoclopoamide<br>antagonizes the action of dopamine.<br>Peripherally metoclopoamide stimulates the release of acetylcholine, which in turn, increases<br>the rate of gastric emptying (used in esophapeal reflux)<br><strong>Indication as chlorpromazine<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Scopolamine<\/strong>, an anticholinergic drug is very effective in reliving nausea &amp; vomiting<br>associated with motion sickness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ondansetron- is serotonin antagonist (5-HT3 receptors) found on the afferent fibers of the<br>vagus nerve and in parts of the brain associated with CTZ.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Controls chemical induced vomiting and nausea)<br><strong>V. Drugs used to induce vomiting<\/strong><br>In case of poisoning with noncorrosive agents, and assuming incomplete absorption of the<br>poison has taken place, induction of vomiting can be carried out<br>The drug used for this purpose is emetine, the active ingredient of ipecacuanha (syrup of<br>ipecac).<br>Emetine induces by direct irritation of the upper gut and on absorption, it also acts on CTZ.<br><strong>Drugs used in the treatment of haemorrhoids<\/strong><br>Haemorrhoids are varicose veins of the anal canal which can be very distressing for the<br>sufferer. There is no pharmacological cure for this disorder, which is often self-limiting, if not,<br>may require surgical intervention.<br>The use of drugs may however, linder the sufferings:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stool softeners may alleviate constipation; lessen straining which can worsen the<br>condition.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Local anesthetics (e.g. lignocaine, benzocaine) relieve pain<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Corticosteroids (e.g. predniosolone) suppress inflammation, itching &amp; swelling<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vasoconstrictors (e.g. adrenaline, phenylephine) lessen venous swelling<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Astringent compounds (e.g. tannic acid) reduce swelling by precipitating cell surface<br>proteins. Antihaemmorhoidal preparations contain one or more of these agents.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Are drugs used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting.Nausea is an unpleasant sensation of abdominal discomfort accompanied by a desire to vomit.Vomiting is the expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth Nausea may occur withoutvomiting and vomiting may occur without prior nausea, but the two symptoms most often occurtogether.93<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6507,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[694],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6603","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-drugs-used-in-gastrointestinal-diseases-miad-for-pharmacology"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/6432053-1.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6603","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6603"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6603\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6604,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6603\/revisions\/6604"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6507"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6603"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6603"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6603"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}