{"id":6656,"date":"2024-11-19T11:33:47","date_gmt":"2024-11-19T11:33:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/?p=6656"},"modified":"2024-11-19T11:33:48","modified_gmt":"2024-11-19T11:33:48","slug":"antineoplastic-agents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/2024\/11\/19\/antineoplastic-agents\/","title":{"rendered":"Antineoplastic agents"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Cancer refers to a malignant neoplasm or new growth. Cancer cells manifest uncontrolled<br>proliferation, loss of function due to loss of capacity to differentiate, invasiveness, and the ability<br>to metastasize.<br>Cancer arises as a result of genetic changes in the cell, the main genetic changes being;<br>inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes.<br>There are three approaches for the management of cancer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Radiotherapy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Surgery<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chemotherapy<br>Most anticancer drugs are antiproliferative, and hence affect rapidly growing dividing normal<br>cells. Anticancer drugs are broadly classified into two: cytotoxic drugs and hormones.<br>Cytotoxic drugs are further classified into:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Alkylating agents and related compounds (e.g. cyclophosphamide, lomustine, thiotepa,<br>cisplatin): These groups of drugs act by forming covalent bonds with DNA and thus<br>impending DNA replication.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Antimetabolites (e.g. methotrexate, fluorouracil, mercaptopurine): These drugs blocks or<br>destabilize pathways in DNA synthesis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cytotoxic antibiotics (e.g. Doxorubucin, bleomycin, dactinomycin): These drugs inhibit<br>DNA or RNA synthesis or cause fragmentation to DNA chains or interfere with RNA<br>polymerase and thus inhibit transcription.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Plant derivatives (e.g. vincristine): Inhibits mitosis<br>Hormones and their antagonists are used in hormone sensitive tumors (eg. glucocorticoids for<br>lymphomas, oestrogens for prostatic cancer, tamoxifen for breast tumors).<br>General toxic effects of anticancer drugs:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bone marrow toxicity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Impaired wound healing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sterility.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Loss of hair.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Damage to gastrointestinal epithelium.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cancer refers to a malignant neoplasm or new growth. Cancer cells manifest uncontrolledproliferation, loss of function due to loss of capacity to differentiate, invasiveness, and the abilityto metastasize.Cancer arises as a result of genetic changes in the cell, the main genetic changes being;inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes.There are three approaches for [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6511,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[684],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chemotherapeutic-agents"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/3755529.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6656","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6656"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6656\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6657,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6656\/revisions\/6657"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6511"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6656"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6656"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workhouse.sweetdishy.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}