Author: workhouse123
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ALUMINUM EXTRUSIONS
Aluminum is the metal of choice for metal cladding systems for three primary reasons: It protects itself against corrosion. It accepts and holds a variety of attractive surface finishes. And it can be fabricated economically into elaborately detailed shapes by means of the process of extrusion. The principle of extrusion is easily visualized: It is like squeezing…
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FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN MASONRY AND STONE CLADDING
The alert reader will have noticed that most of the cladding systems shown in this chapter are detailed as barrier systems, not rainscreen systems (the notable exception being masonry veneer systems with drainage cavities and backup walls). This means that they are entirely dependent on good installation and careful maintenance if they are to remain…
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EXTERIOR INSULATION AND FINISH SYSTEM
An exterior insulation and finish system (EIFS) consists of a layer of plastic foam insulation that is adhered or mechanically fastened to a backup wall, a reinforcing mesh that is applied to the outer surface of the foam by embedment in a base coat of a stuccolike material, and an exterior finish coat of a similar stuccolike…
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PRECAST CONCRETE CURTAIN WALLS
Precast concrete cladding panels, both conventionally reinforced and prestressed (page 808 and Figures 20.13–20.18), are simple in concept but require close attention to matters of surface finish, mold design, thermal insulation, attachment to the building frame, and sufficient strength and rigidity in the building frame to support the weight of the panels. The factory production of…
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STONE CURTAIN WALLS
shows the use of prefabricated reinforced brick panels for cladding. Masons construct the panels while working comfortably at ground level in a factory. Horizontal reinforcing may be laid into the mortar joints or grouted into channel-shaped bricks. Vertical reinforcing bars are placed in grouted cavities of hollow-core bricks. These panels are self-rigid; they need no structural backup…
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MASONRY VENEER CURTAIN WALLS shows in a series of steps how a brick masonry veneer (a single wythe of brick masonry separated by a cavity from a structural backup wall) may be applied to a reinforced concrete frame. The veneer may also be made of stone. The veneer wythe is erected brick by brick or stone by stone with conventional…
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PLINTH BEAMS AND GRADE BEAMS
Two types of beams, viz., plinth beam and grade beam are constructed in walls for load distribution which are discussed below. Plinth Beams Plinth beams are constructed at plinth level in load-bearing wall for uniform load distribution and to even out settlement of buildings. They also allow to provide Damp Proof course at this level.…
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LINTELS
A lintel is a horizontal structural member placed to span openings for doors, windows and corridors. Lintels are usually rectangular in shape. Lintels may be made out of several materials such as wood, stone, brick, reinforced brickwork, RCC or rolled steel sections embedded in cement concrete. Reinforced cement concrete lintels are mostly used these days…
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ARCHES
An arch is a mechanical arrangement of wedge-shaped blocks of stones or bricks mutually supporting each other and in turn supported at the ends by piers or abutments. However, arches made of steel and RCC are built as a single unit without the use of wedge-shaped units. Stability of Arches Basically the stability of an…
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INTRODUCTION
Arch and lintel are provided above doors, windows and passages. The function of an arch and a lintel is to carry the weight of the structure above the opening. In an arch because of the shape, the blocks support each other by the mutual pressure of their own weight and the structure remains in position…